Cardiometric apparatus



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CARDIOMETRIC APPARATUS Filed July 14, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 1, 1945. B. w. WILLIAMS .ET AL f 2,375,059

CARDIOMETRIC APPARATUS Filed July 14, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Mayl, '19,45'

cAamoMErmo APPARATUS cradle@ w. wiliiams and Homer s. wiuiams, Chicago, Ill., assignors to Tech Equipment Company, Chicago, Ill.

Application July 14, 1941, serial No. 402,358 37 claims. (ci. 12s-2.05)

This invention pertains to the measurement i and'detection of pressures and pulsations in a fluid pressure system, especially the arterial sysktern of the human body, and is primarily concerned with the provision of apparatus for automatically ascertaining arterie-cardiornetric data including the pulse rate and the arterial tension or blood pressure in individuals using the appa-ratus.

It is a principal object of the/invention to provide an apparatus for automatically applying a pressure to an artery, for-detecting pulses in said artery, and for varying the applied pressure under control of the detecting means to obtain a balance between the applied and arterial pressures and thereby provide a measure of the relative blood pressure of the individual under test.

It is also an object to manifest the pressure thus ascertained, as well as the rate of said pulses.

A further object of great importance is the provision ofV means effective to apply an extraneous or articial pressure to a selected artery by means `of a. sin'gle arm strap or tourniquet, and which will cooperate with the pulse detecting means, thereby eliminating the need for two arm y bands or tourniquets, as required in other forms of apparatus of this' class.-

It isfalso a very important objectto provide a tourniquet applicable to the wrist of the subject under test both for the purpose of applying the usual occluding pressure, and for detecting pulses, so that the patron need not remove his coat or raise up the sleeve, as required by tourniquets which apply the pressure to the forearm or upper arm.`

Yet another object is the provision of a bloodpressure ascertaining apparatus in which there is utilized a single tourniquet applied at the region of the wrist, which tourniquet is automatically tensioned by fluid displacement, as by being inilated with air; together with a pulse detecting means including a pressure responsive switch included in the fluid displacing or infiating circuit with the tourniquet, to detect the presence or absence of arterial pulses upon occlusion or release of the blood ilow by the tournlquet, thel to control the uid detecting switch operating displacing or inlating means.

A still further Object is the provision of an improved testing arrangement to test for a certain number of pulsesor the lack thereof, in a certain interval, as a means for controlling accurate operation of the apparatus. l

Further objects are the provision of a simplidescribed, which is suitable for operation automatically, as in a-coin-controlled machine-or in the hands of the unskilled; to provide novel and effective pressure-detecting switch mechaanism which is self-adjusting for weak or strong pressure pulses or sudden and disproportionate changes in operating pressures; to provide automatic circuit-control means of simplified character making possible the elimination of numerous mechanisms and circuit connections heretoreliable automatic operation in the hands of the ed and less expensive apparatus of the character 55 laity; to provide an improved tourniquet structure; to provide improved switch mechanism actuated by a form -of impositive drive orv slip clutch; to provide simple supervisory controls for permitting the pressure in the system to be elevated 'to a predetermined value as a means of saving time, and to shut off the apparatus automatically should the patron withdraw his wrist from the tourniquet before completion of the test.

A still further object of importance in connection with the coin-controlled embodiment of the invention is the provision of a supervisory repeat circuit which operates to condition the apparatus for a repeat operation without use of a coin under certain conditions indicative of a possibly faulty reading.

Other objects, advantages, and novel aspects of the'l invention reside in certain details of the construction and function and organization of the component parts of the combination hereinafter described and shown in the preferred embodiment set forth in the annexed drawings in which: Y l

Fig. 1 is a pictorial schema of the complete apparatus, including` circuit connections therefor; Fig. 2 isa perspective detail of the improved wrist-strap or tourniquet structure;

Fig. 3 is a cross section along lines 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a vertical cross section through the timing unit including the pulse count dial;

Fig. 5 is anexploded perspective of part of the timing unit shown in Figs. 1 and 4.

Fig. 6 is a front elevational view of the pulseactuated sensing switch;

i Fig. 7 is aview looking down at Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is an exploded assembly view of the principal elements of the sensitive switch of Figs. l6 and 7;

In our U. S.` Patent No. 2,249,370 we show a cardiometric apparatus for ascertaining the systolic blood pressure, as well as the pulse rate, by

mechanism which operates automatically, and preferably imder control of a coin. In that arrangement, two arm straps or tourniquets are utilized, one applicable to the forearmto occlude and releasefthe blood flow in the brachial artery,

p and the other applicable tov the wrist to detect pulsesinsaidarteryaspartofasensngordetecting means. Additional features of novelty utilized in such a system, are shown in our divisional application S. N. 398,780, iiled June 19. 1941. i

In the present application, means` are disclosed for utilizing only one tourniquet, with the o bject of further simplifying such an automatic mechanism and adapting it to even greater convenient use and simplicity of operation in the hands of the unskilled.

With the foregoing'objects and intentions in view, a preferred form of the new apparatus is set forth in a pictorial schematic arrangement in Fig. 1, intended to show at once in a single view the basic electrical and mechanical elements of the combination in their cooperative relationship.

It may be observed in passing, that solely for purposes of simplicity, the source of electric power has been indicated in a conventional manner by one of the standard symbols for a battery, with common connections to a so-called ground, the object being to eliminate multiplying electrical connections which would otherwise obscure the drawing. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that no particular variety of power source is intended, but on the contrary, any suitablev type of power source is contemplated by the symbolic showing.

Introductory statement of operation The patron under test deposits a coin to start the machine after strapping his wrist in a tourniquet, whereupon a maximum air pressure is applied through the tourniquet to shut off the blood iiow in the brachial artery. The pressure is then reduced step by step until a detecting means associated with the tourniquet stops the pressure reduction, at which time, mechanism is automatically actuated to ascertain the pulse rate during a short testing interval at the conclusion of which the machine automatically shuts off.

The reduction of pressure as aforesaid will be resumed after arrest if a certain number of pulsations are not detected in a testing interval by a special testing arrangement which prevents false pulses from muscular or other involuntary movement from causing improper pressure readings,

Detailed description The apparatus is arranged to give the systolic pressure reading only, and includes a pressureapplying device or tourniquet 20, such as shown in detail in Fig. 2, and which includes an arm andghand rest 2| shaped to conform to, and receive, the volar aspect of the left wrist, and the hand. Fixed in the trough of the rest is a leather strap 22 having a tongue 23 which passes through a clamping device or jaw consisting of a relatively stationary roller 24 seated in the rest, and a movable `jaw member 25 (Fig. 3, also) pivoted as at 26 to grab the underside of the tongue beneath roller 24. A spring 21 normallyI urges the jaw into clamping position against the tongue and tends automatically to prevent withdrawal (to the left, Fig. 3) thereof. The jaw is released by manually depressing the thumb-lever 28 attached thereto.

Within the tourniquet strap (Figs. 1 and 3 particularly) is an inatable pressure-applying member or cushion 29, covered by a thin protective shield 30 of silk or like material, and adapted to be connected by a tube or conduit 3| in a iluid pressure system to be inflated and deflated, as by air, in the course of operation of the machine.

The patron inserts his hand in the loop of strap 23 for comfortable, iirm, seating on the rest, then pulls the tongue tight, the jaws 25 holding by action of spring 21. Ultimately, cushion 29 `will be inflated and press against the volar face of the wrist and exert pressure against the artery lying therebeneath in a manner and for purposes presently to appear.

Included in the system of Fig. 1 is a main control or coin-operated switch 35, which, when closed, as by a coin in the usual manner, energizes a relay A via conductors 36, 31, power source or battery 38, conductor 39 and master cam switch contacts Hi8-|99 to lground 4|; this causes contacts 42 and 43 on relay A to close; f

one of the contacts 43 is grounded at 44 and thereby applies ground to a common conductor 45 at 46, thus setting up a main power circuit or common ground for the entire apparatus.

Relay A locks its own holding circuit from the foregoing battery 3B and normally closed contacts |98, |99 through contacts 42, conductor 41, normally closed contacts 48 on a relay B to the main ground wirev45 at 49.

As a consequence of this energization of relay A and the holding ground thus applied to conductor 45, a pump motor 50 is energized through power source 5|, and two pump units 52 and 53 are actuated through driving connections 54, 55, and 56, with motor 50, thus delivering compressed air into a receiver or reservoir 51 via conduits 52a and 53a.

Reservoir 51 discharges fluid (preferably air, but optionally liquid such as water) into a pressure line or system including conduit 58, which is open to the atmosphere when the machine is idle, via a vent valve 59. However, the instant relay A pulls up and locks as aforesaid, a coil 60 for the vent valve is energized from battery 6l, via conductor 62 and connection 63 with the main or common ground wire 45, thus causing an armature 60a to close the vent '59, so that the pressure from reservoir 51 may exert itself within the pressure system.

As one of the results of the building up of air pressure as aforesaid, the tourniquetpad or cushion 29 is inflated via branch conduits 58a and 3|. Pressure is also exerted via branch conduit 58h upon the well of a mercury manometer 65 to elevate .the mercury column 65a therein as the pressure increases in the system.

Normally, that is when the machine is at rest. the manometer is closed of from the pressure system by a, manometer solenoid valve 66, which is opened by energization of a solenoid coil 61 from battery 68 and conductor 63 through the first two looped contacts 10 on bank of a commutating switch unit, and thence to the common ground 45 via the Wiper contact 12 thereof and conductor 13. Thus, the manometer solenoid valve remains open as long as commutator switch Wiper 12 remains oncontact 10, providing energized.

relay A is K Adi; the air pressure rises in the aforesaid con uit system, cushion 29 presses more and more rmly against the patrons wrist, and when a predetermined pressure, say equivalentto 200 mm. of mercury as measured by the height of the column a of mercury in the manometer, hasphysician in any event, this limit of 2,00 mm. has

been selected as the practical upper working limit of the machine, it being understood however that the assignment of such a limit is purely arbitarary asados@ and. optional, it bei-ng preferred to conserve time in the operation of themachine by starting at an elevation or pressure which will not-be too far above the average expected range of pressures. vinstead of otherwise prolonging the testing period for the sake of reading occasional pressures. above 200 mm. Hg.

When the aforesaid pressure of 200 mm. is reached, the branch conduits 58a and 59h wil automatically beL closed oli' from the rest of the system by action. of back pressure on a bellows valve 15 interposed between conduit 59 and said branches. This makes the branches a and 58h,

including the manometer and wrist cushion 29, a closed system, in which the pressure is now gradually to be reduced until blood ilow is resumed. Meanwhile, a relay B wili from battery source El via5 onductor 16 and bellows switch .contacts 88 to one terminal 11 of the'relay coil, and gia conductor 18 from the` other coil terminal to junction 19 with the cornmon ground wire 45. This energization of relay B is-occasioned by closure o f a bellows cutout switch Il, by action o f its bellows 8| in expanding from -airrpressure within conduit 50 through branch 58C, causing means 82a on bellows rod 02 to engage and close switch 88 when -a predetermined pressure, say 200 mm. of mercuryhas been reached- 'I'he object of this is to provide a means for shutting oiI the machineautomatically should the patron withdraw his wrist from the tourniquet for any reason before the machine completes its normal operation cycle. Such withdrawal would cause a drop in back pressure suiiicient to affect bellows 8| and open switch 88.

As a consequence of energization and pulling up of relay B by closure of the cutout bellows switch as aforesaid, certain circuits are set up. of which one is a secondary or substitute holding circuit for relay A, for it will be appreciated that as soon as relay B pulls up, normal contacts 4 8 thereof will open, thus breaking the original A holding cir- Vcuit to ground 45 for relay A.

However, by reason of the existence ofpressure have been energized Relay B, now energized, connects a set of sensitive pulse detector relays S and D (systolic and diastolic) for operation under control of the pulse bellows 85, by connecting power source 9| through contacts 92 of relay B and conductor 93 to the central or movable spring contact 99 on a reset cam switch 95. l

An oiiset end 94a on contact v9|| rides against the periphery cfa reset cam 96 driven impositively through a slippable friction drive connection (not shown, but generally described hereinafter) with pump motor shaft 56. The periphery of reset cam 96 is notched or relieved as at 96a (on diametrically opposite sides of the cam in this instance), so that the oset 94a drops into this relieved portion during part of the rotative movement of the cam and causes contact '94 to engage a companion contact 98, which connects via conductor. 99 to juncture |00 leading to one of the commonly connected terminals of each --of the sensitive relay coils S and D; when the offset 94a rides out of the notch on therim of the cam` contact 94 closes with a companion contact 91 which connects to the dial clutch coil |10 via the contacts |14, |90, closed. on relay C, when the latter is energized at a later time forthe purpose of determining the vpulse rate.

Normally. the reset cam switch is stopped by pawl |04 with sensitive relay circuit contact 94-98 closed so that relays S and D may operate. y

The remaining terminalI of sensitiverelay coil S connects to its own movable contact |0| and to a stationary contact |02 on a detector switch `actuated by pulse bellows 85, which operates, through its stem 86, a movable contact arm H03, connected via conductor 99 to the common ground at junction 90.

Thus. an increase in pressure, as by a systolic arterial pulsation. in the tourniquet, would cause bellows 95 to expand and urge rod 86 to carry detector contact |03 against co1.tact |02 thus circuit therefor, just as was done by the systolic 'in conduit branch 58a, a sensitive pulse bellows 85, interposed between conduit 58a and conduitV 3|, makes an initial expanding movement to move plunger l outwardly (to the left) moving a con-A 'tact 80h against contact "aand thereby connecting conductor 41v (now locked with the coil of relay A) to ground via a secondary or substitute path or conductor 89 to ground 45 at junction 90.

Thus, relay A continues toj hold up despite energization ofV relay B.

energizing systolic relay S, provided cam switch contacts 94-98 were closed, which they normally are because reset cam ,95 is restrained against movement by a stop arm nr pawl |04 which normally engages in the relieved portion 96a and prevents rotation of the cam from the normally arrested position shown, owing to the fact that the driving connection between the cam and motor shaft is only frictional and can be overcome by a stopping force such as applied by pawl |04.

When the systolic relay is energized as aforesaid by a systolic pulse, its movable contact |0.| locks Van operating er holding circuit therefor through contact |05 to ground via conductor 89 and junction 90. Movable contact 0| also connects this common ground to a movable contact |06 on the diastolic relay D via systolic relay contact |05 and jumper conductorl |08, which relay D, upon ,pulling'up connects this ground through diastolic stationary contact |09 to the diastolic relay coil to provide a holding or locking relay.

But the diastolic relay is only energized in the rst instance by the detector switch in response to the sensing of a diastolic pulse by tourniquet pad 29causing a relative collapse'of bellows 95 to withdraw rod 8B and carry detector switch contact |03 against a stationary'contact thus connecting common ground from conductor 89 through conductor ||2, contact |01, systolic lrelay contact |0|, conductor |08, diastolic relay contact |06, connection ||2a to the coil D, which, as heretofore explained, attracts its movable contact against contact |09 to hold coil D in energized condition.

It is apparent now that systolic-and diastolic arterial pulsations vary the pressure correspondingly in pad 29, and in turn in bellows 85, to move detector switch contact |03 back and forth t0 energize flrsti'the systolic sensitive relay S andthen the diastolic relay D; and that both of these relays remain energized until released by reset means to be described hereinafter.v

However, if the pressure applied by the tourniquet is sufllcient to occlude the flow of blood in the artery to which such pressure is applied by tourniquet pad 29, there can be no pulses to be detected.v

If now the pressure in the closed pressure system can 'be reduced to a point where the arterial tension or pressure is suflicient :lust to overcome or overbalance the artificial or extraneous pressure applied by the tourniquet and associated means, then the measured pressure existing in the closed system, at the time such balance is struck, will be a measureof the systolic blood pressure. The pressure existing in the closed system at the time such balance is effected will be indicated by the manometer 65 so that the blood pressure may be read directly therefrom.

Means for decreasing the applied artificial pressure lnsteps, includes a measuring conduit H5, which connects at one end through a bleeder solenoid valve ||6 to branch 58h of the air pressure line, which bleeder valve is normally closed; while the opposite end of the short measuring conduit opens into the atmosphere through an electromagnetic bleeder escape valve ||1.

The capacity of the measuring conduit is predetermined to an amount equivalent to a change in pressure in the closed system of about four millimeters of mercury. Thus, if the bleeder valves IIB and ||1 are alternately opened and closed, the pressure in the closed system may be reduced in steps of four millimeters for each complete operation of these bleeder valves.

Alternate opening and closing of the bleeder or reducing valve means is eected by a bleeder cam switch (middle right of Fig. 1). having a central contact ||0 connected via a conductor 22 to ground H9 through a normal contact |20 and movable contact |2| on a relay C.

The aforesaid bleeder cam switch contact ||8 is moved alternately into and out of engagement with companion contacts ||8a and ||8b by a revolving star cam |23 on a shaft |24 which is driven slowly through a clockwork gear |25 from 'a timer motor |26l which motor runs constantly (while relay A is energized) from power source or battery |21 by a connection |28 with the' common ground 45 from contacts 43 of relay A when the latter is energized as aforesaid.

Step by step reduction of the occluding pressure will be eifected as aforesaid until a pulsation is detected by the detecting means 2985|03, etc. 'I'he first systolic pulsation' causes sensitive relay S to pull up and hold; the next succeeding diastolic pulsation, will cause sensitive relay D to pull up and hold, and, moreover, to actuate a resetting means by closing a diastolic relay contact |34 with contact |35, thus placing power from balttery |36 via conductor |31 on cam release coil I 38 to energize the latter and withdraw stopping pawl |04 from the reset .cam 96, so that the latter is freed to rotate.

So soon as cam 96 rotates as aforesaid, reset cam switch contact 94 is disengaged from contact 98, breaking the holding circuit via conductor 99 to both the systolic and diastolic sensi-s tive lrelay coils S and D, freeing the latter for operative response to the next systolic and diastolic pulses, of which there must be a plurality, preferably flve, before the pressure reading may be considered to have been reached.

The plurality of required pulses is considered a test to assure that actual resumption of blood ow has occurred, rather than an initial breakthrough and/or a possible false pulsation caused by an involuntary muscular twitch or casual movement of the patron at the wrong instant.

As an incident -to each operation of the diastolic relay D in testing as aforesaid for a plurality of pulses, power is connected from battery l|36 via diastolic contacts |34|35 to conductor |31, not

, only to operate the cam switch release coil |38,

but also to energize a step-up coil |40 for a commutating switch including a common shaft |4I rotatively moved by a ratchet gear |42 responsive to reciprocation of a pawl |43 actuated in a known manner by step-up coil |40.

Such step-up switches being commonly understood in the arts, the same are not described in greater detail here, beyond'observing that a resetting coil spring |44 is tensioned by the rotative stepping movement of the shaft as aforesaid, although retrograde movement of the shaft by the spring is normally prevented by a holding pawl |45 normally engaged in the teeth of ratchet disc |42 but withdrawable therefrom by energization of its release reset coil |46.

Thus, each detected diastolic pulsation causes the commutator shaft |4| to rotate or advance (clockwise) one step from the normal reset position shown in Fig. 1, carrying with it 'the several commutatorswitch wipers including wiper 12 on contact bank #L as well as wiper |41 on contact bank #4.

The first two, as well as the fifth, contact button, on switch bank #4 are connected by conduotor |48 and junction |49, via conductor |50 Thus, while contact ||8 is engaged with contact ||8b as shown in Fig. 1, circuit is completed via conductor ||8bzv to energize the coil |29 of electromagnetic bleeder valve ||1 from battery |2|, thus closing the latter valve, while valve H6 remains open, so that measuring conduit ||5 fills to capacity. As the star wheel |23 brings the next tooth to bear up fully under contact H8, the latter will engage contact |8a and close circuit via conductor ||8a to energize the coil |30 of valve H6 from battery |3|.

The spacing of the teeth on star wheel |23 is such that bleeder valve H1 is held closed for several seconds, giving a safe margin of time for valve I I6 to open and close.

to the step-up coil |40, for which circuit is completed via juncture |5| to common ground 45, and the first two systolic and accompanying diastolic pulses, therefore, will cause the commutator wipers to advancetwo steps from starting position, which has the effect of'carrying wipers 12 and |41 off their iirst tworespective contact buttons to third position, as a result of which the manometer solenoid valve 66 is released (at contacts 10) 'to close and hold the mercury level at the position reached at the time th'e pulses were detected as aforesaid.

Because wiper |41 onbank #4 reaches a dead button, no further advances are made through this Ibank, but `control for advancing or stepping the commutator switch is now shifted to contact asume a wiper contact |53 will now also be at its third position on a contact |54 which connects with juncture |49 and conductor |50 to the step-up coil.

Having taken two steps as aforesaid, the commutator switch will take a third step under control of the bleeder cam switch and bank #3,

circuit' being closed via contacts II8, I Ita, conductors IIBax, |55 to wiper |53, bank #3, and contact |54 via conductor |50 to the step-up coil, causing ratchet |42 to be advanced another step, thus carrying wiper |41 to fourth position on con# tact |56, bank #4.

Simultaneously with the aforesaid` third step, the bleeder cam switch will also have caused an operation of bleeder valve I I6, but this will be of no effect, since the manometer valve 66 is closed so long as wiper 12' on bank #I is on dead contacts in positions'three to six.

Accordingly, stepping control of the commutator switch is again shifted back to bank v#4, fourth contact |56, so that if av third pulsation now actuates diastolic relay D to close its switch |3'4-|'35, the step-up'coil |40 will again be energized via conductor |31, wiper |41, its fourth contact |56 and conductor |50, causing ratchet wheel |42 'to rotate another step so that shaft |4| carries all wipers to fifth position, wiper M1 in particular lodging upon its fifth contact button |51, so that the next complete pulsation to actuate the diastolic relay D will cause the commutator switch to take stillanother step through similar circuit connections involved in the preceding step (except that contact |51 is involved instead of |56).

A fifth and iinal step will be taken by the coni-v mutator switch under control of the bleeder cam switch owing to the presence of wiper |53 on the sixth contact button |58 ef bank #3, Which energizes the step up coil via cam switch contacts itt-I Illa, conductor ||8a.'c, conductor H55, wiper i533, sixth contact button |50,'and conductor |50 to step up coil |40. This carries all contact wipers to seventh and last position- As .an incident to the foregoing movement of the commutator wipers to last or seventh position, Wiper 12 lodges upon last contact 1| of bank #i and thereby completes circuit via conductor lia to one terminal of the coil |59 of a relay C, the energizing circuit through which is completed via conductor 16 and safety or supervisory switch @t to grounded battery 6I, wiper 12 being grounded via conductor 13 to the common ground 45. The machine is now ready to proceed with the ascertainment of the pulse rate.

In the foregoing operation of the machine, the

requisite numberof pulses was detected during the testing interval without necessitating a further drop in the applied pressure; but means is also provided for effecting such a further adjustment or drop in the applied pressure if the requi site number of pulses is not detected, and before proceeding with `a description of the pulse-rate ascertaining mechanism the adjusting means will now be described.

Assume, for Iexample causes an operation of the detector switch and associated sensitive relays S and D; contacts |34 and |35 on diastolic relay D would then advance the commutator switch one step via wiper |41 and the first of the4 first two contacts |41a thereof to energize step-up coil |40 once. Vl3nt assume furtherd that no pulses succeeded this false pulsation, then in such a case, the rate of turning of the star cam |23 on the bleeder switch is such that one misHausmannv i true pulses is detected.

In passing, it will be observed that the looped that there is time for at least two systolic and accompanying diastolic pulses to occur between successive operations of bleeder cam contacts Ill, |I8a, IIBb, in consequence ofwhich (if no additional pulses are `detected after the first assumedly false one) the commutator switch will be reset to its starting position by the :following circuit:

' From one terminal of reset coil |46 via con-g ductor |60, wiper I6| 4and any of the looped contacts from the second to the seventh contacts numbered |62 as a group on bank #2, via conductor |63 to contact |64 on relay C and its normal contact |65, to the common ground 45 at juncture |66; and from the other terminal of reset coil |46 and its battery |46a via conductors |61 and |66 to the second contact |63` on bank #3, thence via its wiper |53 and conductor |55 to conductor lla, through bleeder cam switch contacts I|8a`-|`|8, conductor |22,'normal contact |2| on relay C, and its contact |20 to ground IIS. thus causing reset coil |46 to be energized to raise holding pawl |45 from ratchet wheel |42, permitting spring |44 to return shaft |4|` and all wipers to starting position.

Under the foregoing circumstances, bleeder valves I i6 and i|1 will again be actuated by the bleeder cam switch, and one or the other of the foregoing advancing or resetting operations of the commutator switch vrrfay occur,` depending upon whether or not the requisite succession of group of resetting contacts |62 on bank #2 are situated on all positions from the second' to the last or seventh, so that should there be several falsepulsationsdetected in succession, but not followed by additional pulses in the testing interval between successive operations of the bleeder cam switch by the timed movement of the star cam |23, then there will be a resetting operation such as heretofore described.

In short, the downward adjustment of the applied pressure v/ill continue under control of the bleeder cam switch unless a certain number of true pulsationsv is detected in the-interval' between successive operations of said bleeder cam switch.

on bank #4 and the diastolic relay contacm For example: the rst two pulses energize the step-up coil through the first two contact buttons i3d-|35; there then follows a measured lapsedtime interval during which the bleeder cam switch operates the commutator one step, instead of the diastolic relay; this enlarges the time interval during which the effectsl of false pulsations,l

caused by bodily movements or muscular twitches, are given an opportunity to subside'in the possible event that true pulses may nevertheless be 5 commutator switch, such as has been heretofore described, with a` further downward adjustment of the applied pressure.

From the foregoing description, it will appear what would amount to a false pressure reading provided `the patron does not attempt willfully to procure false operation. The time interval during which the foregoing test fora succession 'ngshaft |25.

mutator switch. Such measures are not required at all, however, for the serious and normally in-v tended operation of the machine.

Pule rate ascertainingl means Assuming now, that the necessary number of pulses has been detected to carry the commutator switch to seventh and last position, relay C will be energized via contact 1|, as heretofore described, and the pulse rate willthen be ascertained, the pulse rate dial having been conditioned for this purpose when the machine first begins its operation.

When the patron deposits a coin to operate coin switch 35 and start the machine, clutch coil |10 is energized through a connection at |1| with the common ground wire 45, via conductor |12 to the coil and thence via conductor |13 to contact |16 on relay C which connects vthrough its normal contact and conductor |16 through normally closed dial switch contacts |11 to battery |10, so that holding pawl |119 is withdrawn from the dial clutch disc |80, freeing the latter to turn through a slip clutch arrangement |8| (Figs. 4 and 5 also) driven by constantly -rotat- This release of the clutch disc causes the pulse rate dial |82 to rotate as well, and such rotation continues untilthe index ark or pointer |83 is restored to an approac position slightly in advance of true starting or zero position, at which time a pin |84 an the clutch disc will engage one of the dial locating switch contacts |11 and separate it from the other to break circuit to the clutchV coil |10, thus allowing pawl |19 to fallback again into the teeth on the clutch disc and restrain the latter against further rotation at this time.

As a further incident to the initial release of the clutch disc as aforesaid, a -master cam 95 to be described more fully later also rotates a short distance. until a notch |9612 (see Fig. 5) thereon engages a brake pawl 2|6 to arrest the master cam While the pulse rate dial continues on toward near-zero position. With the master cam thus arrested, oiset 40a rests in the deeper notch portion |9611- with contacts 4 0 closed to actuatethe clutchrelease coil |10 for a brief interval later when relay C first; pulls up.

In the meantime. the pressure system receives air from the pumps, and the previously described steps in ascertaining the blood' pressure are going forward, the pulse rate dial merely be- .ing rotated toward starting position as aforesaid -|Y10Yvia conductor |9| to contact 91 on the pump motor reset cam switch, so that every time the latter is actuated by energization of its release coil |38, the clutch coil |10 will attract and withdraw the holding pawl |19 to free the pulse rate dial |82 for rotative movement for a brief measured interval before reset cam switch contacts 94-91 again break circuit and pawl |19 falls back ready for anotherrelease. The pulse rate dial may move approximately twelve degrees of arc in the measured interval suggested.

It will be observed again that one terminal of the reset cam switch release coil |38 is connected to the common ground 45 at 90 while the other terminal connects via conductor |31 at |31a to diastolic relay contact |34. Thus, for every systolic and attendant diastolic pulsation detected to operate sensitive relays S and D (provided relay C is energized), the cam switch release coil |38 will be operated to momentarily release the clutch pawl |19 of the pulse rate dial and-to reset the sensitive relays in readiness for the 'next pulsations. Each true diastole is, therefore, counted as the pulse.

In order .to express thepulses in terms of the customary rate per minute without keeping the patron too long at the machine, the pulse rate dial4 |82 is calibrated in terms of pulses per minute; and timing means is provided for maintaining the pulse testing connections for a predetermined period less than a minute, for example twenty seconds, the movements of the pulse dial upon each release of the clutch pawl |19 being correlated to the aforesaid calibration of the dial in a ratio of three to one. l

To this end, there is mounted on timer shaft |24 a master cam 95 with a peripherally notched or relieved portion |96 l(see also Fig. 5) in which rides the offset nose 40a of one of the two dial starting contacts 40.

On the master cam |95 is an adjustable stopping projection or nose |91 positioned to engage and raise the offset riding end 40a and cause the contact spring of which it is a part to bear up against an insulating pin |91z and a main stopping contact |98, which is normally closed with its companion contact |99 to provide the ground connection 4| which permits relay A to remain locked in operated condition, at the start of the cycle of operation.

As the'stopping nose |91 on master cam fully raises stopping contact |98 out of engagement with contact |99, this holding circuit for relay A is momentarily broken, thus causing relay A to drop back to normal de-energized condition, thus breaking the main common ground connection 45 for all circuits, with the result that the mac e stops preparatory to another cycle of operat on. The momentum of the time;- motor |26 and associated parts is suillcient to carry the stopping nose |91 beyond the stopping switch oifsei; 40a, so that the latter may again complete its ground circuit 4| for battery or power source 38 in order that relay A may again be actuated by deposit of a coin.

At the initiation ofeach cycle of operation of the machine, it is necessary to reset the commutator switch, which is usually left standing at seventh position at the time the machine shuts oi by breaking of the holding or locking circuit for relay A; and such resetting is accomplished actually by relay A in placing ground on the common or main ground conductor 45 through contacts 43 and juncture 46.

The commutator switchreset coil is in readiness y to be energized the moment relay A pulls up, be-

cause normal contacts |64|65 on relay C, conductor |63,- the seventh contact on group I 62, wiper |6| (bank #2) and conductor |60, establish an operating ground for reset battery |46a at once and this circuit is completed through normal contacts 200 on relay B and conductor |68 as soon as relay A pulls up upon deposit of a coin, thus energizing reset coil |46 to restore the commutator switch to first position.

As heretofore mentioned, clutch coil |10 is energized until the dial stop switch |11 is opened by pin |84 as the pulse rate dial approaches zero or starting position when the machine is set into operation.

` In order to move the pulse rate dial index |83 fully into starting or full zero position when relay C nally pulls up at the concusion of the pressureascertaining phase of the cycle, clutch coil |10 is again momentarily energized from battery 38 through master cam contacts 40 via conductor 20| to juncture 202 and contacts |14|90 on relay C, thence via conductor |13 to the clutch coil.

In the short interval during which offset 40a rides from the end (right) of the deeper notch portion |96 onto the shallower notch portion |96a, the pulse dial moves far enough to align its index or pointer |83 at actual zero or starting position,

before contacts 40 open when offset 40a. rides,

fully onto the shallow notch portion 96a to break circuit to the clutch coil and stop the indicator dial |02.

In order to accurately zeroize or rectify the dial control means at the start ofeach cycle so that lower notch ma. thereby to noia im cam against movement. i

The brake pawi als is lifted from homing en.'

s sagement with the master cam by a pin 2 |1 on dial clutch disc |80 as the latter makes its nal short -movement into actual zero position, as heretofore explained, under control of relay C and contacts 40.

l In this manner, master cam |95 is positively held at an arbitrary starting position while the pulse rate dial |82 is rotated into a corresponding position, with the result that when the clutch coil |10 is energized, as by pulses to be counted, the dial and master cam will start together, it being recalled that the time of shaft |24 is calculated to the stop accurately so far as opening of stop switch |98--I99 is concerned.

Pulse detector switch In Figs. 6, '1'. and 8 are shown details of the sensitive switch utilized for actuation by the relatively feeble displacements in the closed air pressure system responsive to the transmission of the pulse rate dial and associated master cam parts will positively start in step from a true zero position, the master cam is impositively driven through a slip-clutch connection 205 (Fig. 5) consisting preferably of a felt washer 206 and a mtal washer 201 which bears against the star cam |23 by virtue of the effort of a, spring 208 compressed between the pin 2|2 near the pulse rate dial |82- (Fig. 4) and the dial clutch disc |80, to urge additional metal and felt washers 209, 2 0, against disc |30, which disc is fast with the dial |82 through connecting pins 2|| respectively screwed.

and riveted or otherwise xed `to the dial |82 and disc |80, spring 206 pressing against pin 2|2 on the left-hand extension of shaft 24, whereas dial |82 is free to slide axially on shaft |24, as is clutch disc |80 and master cam |95. Therefore. spring 208 normally urges the clutch disc toward the right.

Thus, spring 208 causes clutch disc |80 to bear against alternate metal and felt washers` or analogous means, |8|a, |8|b, |8|c respective1y,'con stituting the slip clutch |8|, thence against master cam |95, which inn turn bears against star cam |23 through slip-clutch washers 206, 201, the

screw 2| Friction through the felt washers and other washers 209, 2|0, |8,|a, |8|b, |8|c,'206, 201, under pressure of spring 208, causes the dial and disc as well as the master cam |95 to rotate with shaft |24 when not restrained by a force adequate to overcome said friction and the effort of spring star cam being fast on shaft |24 by setting of set 4 arterial pulses into the cushion 29.

As viewed in Fig. 7, the bellows is mounted on a suitable panel 85a of insulation upon which are provided posts l85h to mount a cover, not shown. The bellows consists of a housing 86e in which is disposed the metal bellows 85d, (see Fig. 8) of known form. An inlet 85e connects with conduit 58aof the pressure line, while an outlet 85j connects to conduit 3| leading to the wrist tourniquet or cushion 29.

Projecting from the bellows so as to move back and forth therewith, is the bellows rod 86, which passes freely through mounting panel 85a to the opposite side for cooperation with the switch contacts |02, |03,

As illustrated in Fig. l, contact |03 is, properly speaking, the movable contact, although in the novel construction disclosed in detail in Figs. 6 to 8, contact |02 is also movable. for purposes of automatic compensation and adjustment. Contact |03 is an elongated strip of metal such as copper,` with an applique-contact area |03a of conductive but non-corroding alloy. One end `liillb is offset laterally andrests, in a slotted bracket |03c for rocking movement laterally of the long axis of the strip, which is provided with an over-size hole |03d (Fig. 3) for passage of the bellows rod 86, upon which contact strip |03 normally` rests with suiiicient frictional bearing to assure that the contact strip will move back and forth with the rod responsive to pressure variations in the bellows housing.

Contact is threaded into a cleat attached'to panel 85a, and is provided with a con- Y ductive/non-corroding contact point |||a situ- Master cam is itself normally restrained,

t however, by a brake pawl 2|5having.an offset 2'|6 which rides on the edge of the cam and is engaged by shoulder |961: at the trailing end of the shalated to engage contact area |03a, andis further provided with setting nut la.

Contact |02 likewise is an elongated metal strip provided/with contact point 02a opposite the contact area |03a on the main movable contact. The left end of contact strip |02 projects into a slot in a guide bracket |02b on panel 85a so as to maintain contact point |02a in alignment with contact area |03a on the main movable contact while permitting some freedom of lateral movement of self-adjusting contact |02.

The opposite or right end of contact strip |02 has riveted thereto as at |02c an insulating plate |02d having a hole |02e to receive the end portion of bellows rod 86, through which is passed cotter pin means 86a retaining the contacts there- Safety switch 80, heretofore described in view of Fig. 1, consists of a contact spring or leaf 80a (Fig. 8) and a normally open companion contact 80h with its right-hand extremity disposed in the path of movement of insulating plate |02d so as to be engaged and moved by the latter into circuit-closing engagement with contact 80a upon outward or expansive (toward the right, Fig. 8) movement of the bellows rod 88, whereby to close a. circuit, as via conductor 16 in Fig. 1 to set up a supervisory ground circuit for relay A.

' A third leaf-spring 80e, utilized as a stop, is

mounted in the stack along with contacts' 80a and 80h between the usual insulating wafers 80d, and has an angled end 80e disposed toA be engaged by insulating plate |02e to limit outward movement of the latter and hence of both contacts |02 and |03, thus/causing bellows rod 85 to be projected positively beyond its inner limit with respect to the two contacts |02, |08, upon initial expansion of the bellows when the pressure system is inflated.

This assures that both advancing and retracting movement of rod 86 will find both contacts |02 and-|03 freely resting thereon for movement back and forth therewith. y

An important feature of self-adjusting contact |02 resides in the position of hole |02e with respect to the true fulcrum therefor, which happens to be the bracket I02b, thus making a. relatively long lever of contact |02, which means that said contact |02 makes only negligible movement responsiveto normal pulsations of bellows rod 85.

In contrast to the long fulcrum of contact |02,

contact |03 has its mountinghole |03d situated 4 l|03 by the bellows 85 is very slight, the clearance between contact |03 and contact for example, being a matter of only two or three one-thousandths of an inch. Obviously, some pulses are stronger than others, and the patron may make numerous involuntary muscular movements while undergoinggtest, with the result, that at one movement contact |03 may move only a few thousandths of an inch to make and break contact, while, at the next movement contact |03 may be violently displaced by a strong thrust on bellows rod 85 corresponding to a movement of the patrons wrist in the tourniquet, which might be sulcient either to cause rupture of the switch parts or, to upset any'fine adjustment of the contacts.

However, the foregoing switch structure compensates automatically for all operating variations resulting from irregular movements of the bellows rod, while maintaining the necessary ilne adjustment to respond to strong and weak pulses, alike. A

Because of the impositive driving connection betweenrod 86 and contact |03, the rod may assume any necessary advance or projected position notwithstanding the limited freedom of movement of contact |03; yet, slight movements of the rod 85, once such advanced positions thereof are assumed, will effect the corresponding actuation of contact |03.

If the pulses are weak, self-adjusting contact |02 will make practically no movement relative to contact area |03a; such adjustment being relatively ilne as to clearances; but should the pulses be unusually strong, there would be a corresponding adjusting differential displacement of contact |02 tending to widen the gap between contact parts |02a and |08a, to prevent false pulses from actuating the sensitive relays. yThus, ne compensating movements are possible because of the differential self-adjusting movements of these contacts. It may be observed that the switch unit is mounted in the position shown in Fig. 6.

Repeat operton feature It sometimes happens, especially with persons having a normally weak pulse or some arythmic peculiarity that the pulse is vdetected for a few beats, and then lost for the next 'few beats, and in such cases, as well as in those instances where A*involuntary movements of muscles or the wrist occur, poor' readings may result if the irregularity occurs at a critical instant, as at the end of the five-beat test, or during the pulse counting period; and in those cases, as described, where the machineis coin-controlled, it is desirable to give the patron a repeat or second test. y

To this end, means, such as a light, is provided to notify the patron if the pulse count does not exceed a predetermined value, preferably 34, and to automatically condition the machine for a second cycle without deposit of a coin.

Referring again to Fig. l, it will be observed that on lthe bottom of the pulse rate dial there is shown a long peripheral rise 250 extending from adjacent the index or zero point |83 to a point about one-quarter the way around the rim of the dial which is in fact toa point opposite a pulse rate reading of 34, this dial being numbered in substantially the manner illustratedin our aforementioned patent. A repeat-operating dial switch 25| has an offset which rides along rise 250 and causes the repeat switch to remain closed between pulse readings of zero and 34.

If the machine should stop at the end of the twenty-second pulse testing period without registering a pulse above 34, a repeat circuit will be automatically set up as soon as relay A falls back, so that by pushing a manual repeat button 252, the machine will be started again tor a second complete cycle.

As soon as relay A falls back relay RH pulls up and locks at contact 251, and, a repeat light 253 (upper left, Fig. 1) will be illuminated from battery 250 via a ground circuit under control of repeat holding relay RH and particularly contacts 255-255 thereof, through normally closed contacts 251 on a bi-metal thermostatic or other time delay switch, which includes a heater or actuating element 258 in parallel with the winding of the repeat holding relay via conductors 258, so that the heater is energized asv soon as repeat holding relay RH is energized; Y The ground' circuit for the repeat'light, and in fact for the repeat holding relay and a repeat f locking relay (presently to be described) is comc'ontact 262 on relay A, which contact also illuminates an attention or advertising lamp 263 when the machine is idle. Thus, as longas relay `A is holding up, the repeat ground circuit via conductors 260-26I is broken, but is made as soon asrelay A drops back, as when the m'achine shuts oil'. This repeat ground circuit, showever, will be made only if the repeat dial switch 25| is closed with a pulse reading of 34 or less. t Y

Repeat light 253 is illuminated by energization of repeat holding relay RH, which pulls up simultaneously with a reat locking relay RL, because both relays receive power from battery 254 lvia, ground through normal contact 264 and locking contact 265 of relay RL; but this latter ground is-broken as soon as relay RL pulls up, and remains broken .until a Vcoin is again deposited, owing to the provision of a spring detent or locking pawl 266 under which the attracted locking contact 265 is held mechanically until the pawl is released.

The repeat holding relay, however, makes its own holding circuit via its contacts 261 through the dial repeat switch ground connection 260; and this holding circuit will continue until the time delay or thermostatic` switch contacts 251 break after an interval of approximately one-half minute during which the patron may push thel repeat button 252 upon being apprised by illumination of the repeat light 253, and associated instructions, of the advisability of so-doing.

Repeat holding relay RH sets up a circuit from ground via its contacts 255'256 Ito the make contact 261 on the push button switch, thence via the movable contact 266 of the push button switch, when the latter is operated for a repeat test, and via conductor 269 to normal contact 210 on relay A, which is the same contact to which the coin switch 35 connects the starting ground via conductor 36, so that operation of the repeat push button results in energization of re lay A without use of a coin, provided the pulse does not read higher than 34.

With relay A thus again operated, the machine will repeat the usual cycle of operation, with the difference that should the pulse rate again fail to exceed l34, no further free tests may be had, because movable locking contact 265 of` the repeat holding relay RH is locked beneath pawl 266 and hence there is no ground connection for relay RH or the parallel-connected repeat locking relay RL.

Only by deposit of another coin can the repeat circuit be conditioned for further operation, and this is effected by energization of a coin release coil CR via conductor 21| and normal contact 212 on the repeat push button switch, thence via. conductor 266 to normal contact 210 onrelay A, which receives a momentaryr ground when coin switch 35 is operated. The coinrelease coil withdraws the pawl 266 from locking position so that locking contact 265 may fall back. 'I'he repeat holding relay RH is released after a half -minute by operation of the thermostatic switch 251--258 to extinguish the repeat light and disable the repeat connections to the push button switch in those cases Where the patron .does not Aavail himself of the free operation.

Summary of operation The patron inserts his wrist in the tourniquet 20, tightens strap 22, and deposits a coin to close coin switch 35, whereupon relay A pulls up and locks, extinguishing the advertising light 263.

Energization o! relay A sets up a power circuit by connecting ground to the common ground wire 45, and at once the pump motor 50 starts, vent valve 59 closes, and timer motor |26 starts. Also dial clutch coil |10 becomes energized from power source |16 to permit the pulse dial to closely approach (Without reaching) zero position until pin |64 opens the dial locating switch |11, breaking circuit to the clutch coil and battery |16 and stopping the dial index |63 just ahead ofzero position.

While the pulse rate disc is being brought around toward starting position, the master cam |65 moves a short distance until stopped by its brake pawl 2|5 in the starting position shown in Fig. 1 with the oiset 40a of a contact 00 in readiness to ride onto notch portion |66a and break contacts 40 to stop the dial exactly at zero position.

As another incident to the pulling Yup of relay A, the commutator switch is restored to zero positionby energization of its reset coil |46 via. wiper |53 and the seventh contact on bank #2.

Meanwhile air pressure is built up in reservoir 51 and the associated conduit system, vand as soon vcated by the mercury manometer 65, since its valve 66 is opened at once by restoration of wiper 12 to first position in bank #L When the pressure reaches about 200 mm. Hg, the back pressure bellows 15 closes and makes the conduits 56a, 56h, including the tourniquet and manometer, a closed pressure system. This predetermined elevated or maximum pressure of 200 mm. Hg is suiiicient to occlude the blood ow in the brachial artery of most subjects.

The maximum or occluding pressure is now gradually reduced in steps of about 4 mm. by alternate opening and closing of bleeder valves ||6 and ||1 to admit and release measured quantities of air to and from the measuring means or short conduit ||5.

Such gradual reduction of pressure in the closed system, and particularly the wrist tourniquet continues until the blood flowis resumed and arterial pulses alternately increase and decrease the pressure in the wrist tourniquet to operate the pulse bellows 65 and move the detector switch contact |03 back and forth.

Each systolic pulsation causes detector switch contact |03 to energize systolic relay S via contact |02, which relay becomes locked and sets up an operating circuit for the diastolic relay, while each diastolic pulsation causes diastolic relay D to be energized and locked via contacts I|| and |01. Diastolic relay D also causes release of the resetting cam switch by energizing release coil |36 via contacts |34-I35, withdrawing pawl |04 so that cam 66 may be rotated through a slipclutch arrangement of washers (not seen) such as described in view of theslip clutch of Fig. 5.

Rotation of the reset cam 66 opens contacts 64-66 thus breaking the locking or holding circuits for the systolic and diastolic relays S and D tojuncture |00.

Each complete systolic and diastolic pulse as aforesaid actuates a testing means, including the commutator switch, in order to ascertain if the pulses are successive and not merely random false pulses of one kind or another.

, The rst two successive pulses cause the commutator switch to step twice by energizing stepup coil |40 via diastolic relay contacts |34|35, wiper |41 and contacts |41a on bank #4. Then a third timing step is taken under the control bleeder cam switch contacts ||8| |8a and wiper |53 and contact |54 of bank #3.

If two more successive pulses follow, the commutator switch takes two more steps by energization of its step up coil |40 via diastolic relay contacts |34|35, wiper |41- and contacts ISG- |51 on bank #4.

Should either of the rst two or last two test ing pulses fail to be detected, the commutator switch would Ibe reset by energization of its reset coil |46 via the iirst two contacts |69 or fourth and fifth contacts on bank #3 and closing of ve steps without resetting, a final and sixth step would be taken under control of the bleeder switch and wiper |53 on contact |58 of bank on bank #3, thus bringing wiper 12 on the seventh and last contact 1| of bank #I to energize relay C and start the pulse counting operation. Manometer valve 66 remains closed to hold the pressure reading at the systolic level. The pulse rate test then follows.

When relay C pulls up, clutch coil is momentarily energized via contacts |14|90 on this relay and master cam contacts 40 so that the dial clutch disc |80, the pulse dial |82, and master cam |95 are freed to turn in step with the index pointer |83 on the pulse rate dial starting from zero position.

Systolic and diastolic pulses now actuate the detector switch as before with operation of systolic and diastolic relays S and D to open and close contacts |34|35, thus periodically releasing the reset cam switchy means 96||l4 with consequent corresponding energizations of the clutch release coil |10 via contacts 91-98, conductor |9|and contacts |14|90 of relay C, so that for each complete pulse the pulse rate dial moves one step during a twenty second testing interval determined by the transit of stopping nose |91 on the master cam to again open contacts ISB-|99, whereby the ground 4| for the holding circuit of relay A is broken, it being pointed out that this ground is quickly restored by carry-over of the master cam stop nose |91 past offset 40a on the stopping switch in order that a locking circuit may again be set upon for the next cycle of operation.

Should the pulse reading not exceed 34, the repeat switch 25| would remain closed, so that when relay A falls back as the machine shuts off, the repeat light 253 will light up and repeat locking relay RL will pull up and its contact 262 locks mechanically at 266 to prevent further free operations until another coin is deposited. Repeat holding relay RH pulls up simultaneously with relay RL and locks its own holding circuit at 261. The patron pushes repeat button 252 which connects ground from contact 43-262 on relay A, conductor 26| through the dial repeat switch 25|, conductor 260, thermostatic switch contacts 251, repeat holding relay contacts Z55-256, push button contacts 261--266, conductor 269 through normal contacts 42-210 on relay A to energize the latter, thus initiating another cycle' of operation of the entire machine.

When the machine shuts oi, the mercury column in the manometer, and the reading on the pulse dial stand until the next operation of the machine.

'I'he foregoing description and illustrations are submitted as merely exemplary of one preferred arrangement and form of theinvention, and

means for effectuating the objects set forth; but it is expressly to be understood that no particular mode of connection or inter-connection of the various circuits is intended, except insofar as the appended claims may be specific thereto, it being understood-further that modifications in such connections and in the form and mode of operation of the instrumentalities named, may be made without departing from the scope of the invention, and no limitations are intended except as specifically contemplated by the. following claims.

We claim:

1. In a blood pressure apparatus, the combination with means for applying a variable pressure to an artery, of the following cooperating instrumentalities, namely: a single tourniquet connected with said pressure applying means and applicable in the region of an artery to exert a correspondingly variable testing pressure thereto, and pressure sensitive control means including counting mechanism operable in steps and cooperable with said tourniquet for actuation by pressure variations therein for controlling operation of said pressure applying means in accordance with the counting of a fixed succession of arterial pulsations and a xed succession of intervening timed steps by said counting mechanism to arrest variation of said testing pressure.

2. In ablood pressure ascertaining apparatus, an inflatable tourniquet adapted to be applied to the wrist, means for inflating the tourniquet to occlude arterial blood flow, means for reducing the occluding pressure in steps of uniform volumetric measure, means cooperable with said tourniquet for detecting pulsations when the occluding pressure is reduced to permit resumption of blood flow, means for counting pulsations, and

means for manifesting the pressure existing in said tourniquet at the time of said resumption as a' measure of the blood pressure provided a series of pulses of plural number are counted in succession by said counting means.

3. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a tourniquet and means cooperable therewith for applying a. variable pressure to an artery, means actuated by pressure variations in said tourniquet, responsive to arterial pulses, for preventing a change in the applied pressure when a certain number of pressure variations are caused by arterial pulses as aforesaid in a certain sequence and Vwithin a certain time period timing switch means cooperable with said variable pressure applying means for controlling the limits of said period, and means for manifesting the value of the applied pressure at a time following the expiration of said time period.

4. In a blood pressure machine, in combination, a pneumatic wrist tourniquet, means for iniiating the tourniquet to occlude arterial blood 'low, means to reduce the pressure step-by-step from occluding value to permit resumption of blood ow, means for sensing arterial pulses upon resumption of said iiow, and testing means including means requiring a certain number ot operations for effecting shut-off of the machine and arranged to be operated partly under control of said sensing means and partly by a lapsedtime device in effecting the said required and certain number of operations to effect shut-off as aforesaid.

5. In a blood pressure ascertaining apparatus,` of the type which includes a source of fluid pressure, means for varying said pressure, and pressure-indicating means, the combination of the following instrumentalities: a duid-inflated member connected with said source of pressure, means for .securing the wrist in firm contact with said member, means controlling said varying means to `cause a pressure in said member to occlude blood flow in an artery adjacent said wrist; and

for further varying said pressure until blood ow is resumed in the artery, pressure-sensitive switch means connected with said inflatable member for actuation by pressure variations therein sponsive to both systolic and pulses, and means controlled means to prevent variation of rediastolic arterial by said switch pressure in the switch being a measure of systolic arterial tension.

6. Apparatus of the class described comprising, in combination, an iniiatable unit wrist tourniquet, means for inflating said tourniquet-with pressure suilcient to occlude blood ow in an adjacent artery, means for effecting step-by-step tourniquet by arterial pulsations, and means controlled by a given number of both diastolic and' systolic reactionary variations occuring sequentially in groups separated by a measured eating the degree of pressure in the tourniquet' at the time of cessation as aforesaid.

7. In a blood pressure apparatus, in combination, an inflatable tourniquet. adapted to be apand a means for inating the same to various pressures ranging between an occluding and a sub-diastolic value, and pressureresponsive detector means cooperating with said tourniquet for controlling said inflating means to means after a measured time interval, A for exhibiting the total pulses counted in said interval.

8. In a blood pressure apparatus, including a sourceof fluid pressure and means of indicating the value of said pressure, the combination of a single tourniquet for application to the .wrist and including a bag inflated by said pressure to occlude arterial blood flow, and sensing means arranged to be actuated by reactionary pressure therein, together variations in said bag responsive to arterial pulsations, together with means for varying said pressure, said sensing means being arranged to control said varying means to adjust the degree of said pressure in said bag until a certain number of pairs of a systolic and diastolic reactionary pulsations, have occurred in succession.

9. In apparatus of the class described including a tourniquet applicable to a body member and adapted to be tightened by fluid displacement tourniquet for ascertaining arterial tension, the combinationl of coin-controlled means to condition said apparatus for a cycle of operation to eii'ect one complete ascertaining operation, and pressure-responsive means cooperable with said tourniquet for disconditioning said apparatus against #further-ascertaining operation until further coincontrolled operation of said conditioning means if said body member is withdrawn from said tournique't after'said cycle of operation has begun and before the same has been completed.

10. In cardiometric apparatus including pressure applying means4 adapted to receive a body member, and coin-controlled mechanism cooperating with said applying means and released by a coin for a cycle of operation to ascertain cardio- -metric data, the combination of pressure-sensitive 4 said body member before completion of the combination of means cooperable with said applying means to prevent completion of said cycle of operation after the commencement thereof upon withdrawal of said cycle.

11. In a machine of the class described includ-` ing apparatus actuated under coin control for a cycle of operation and body contacting means engageable with a body portion during said cycle, electrically-controlled means for preventing completion of said cycle if body contact is withdrawn after initiation of said cycle .without further coin variations in said tourniquet occurring at or im-A mediately below said occluding value for prevent; ing reduction of the tourniquet pressure when a predetermined numberv of said last-mentioned variations have occurred, and means for counting the number of said last-mentioned variations occurring in a given period and manifesting the 2 count in terms of pulse rate, together with means formanifesting the tourniquet pressure at least as of the time when said predetermined number of variations have occurred.

13. The combination set forth in claim 12 further characterized by the addition of coinoperated means for initiating operation of said apparatus in the mannertherein set forth, and

means conditioning the apparatus for a repeat operation without use of a coin when the pulse count does lnot exceed a given value.

14. In an apparatus of the class described, in combination, means for detecting arterial pulsa-l tions, means cooperating with said detecting with means cooperable with said `said pulse-counting means means for ascertaining arterial tension, means for counting said pulsations in a predetermined period of time, coin-controlled means for setting appa` ratus in operation for the purposes set forth, and repeat operating means actuated in concert with for conditioning said apparatus for another operation as described without use of a coin whenever the pulse count is less than a certain value.

15. Apparatus of the class described comprising, in combination, an infiatable tourniquet and means for holding the same in engagement with the volar aspect of the wrist, means for inflating said tourniquet, means for reducing-the tourniquet pressure in steps, means cooperable with said tourniquet for sensing pulses, means controlled by the sensing means for controlling said reducing means, means controlled by said sensing means for counting the number of pulses occuring in a given period. means for manifesting pressures in said tourniquet, and supervising control means for the foregoing means to effect the following order and sequence of operations, at least, namely: zeroizing said manifesting and counting means; increasing pressure in said Atourniquet to an occluding value; step-by-step reduction of said pressure until a certain number of pulses is sensed: manifestation of the tourniquet pressure following sensing of said number of pulses; counting the pulses accruing in said period; deflecting said tourniquet.

16. The combination of claim 15 further characterized by the provision of vadditional supervisory control means in the nature of coin-operated means forinitiating operation of the apparatus as set forth therein, and means for conditioning said apparatus for a repetition of said sequence of operations without the use of a coin if the pulse count fails to exceed la predetermined value. y

17. In a cardiometric apparatus arranged for coin-controlled operation to ascertain the pulse rate and at least the systolic blood pressure, the combination therewith of: means for automatically conditioning the apparatus for another ascertaining operation without a coin if and only if the `pulse rate does not exceeda minimum value.

18. In a blood pressure machine, means for cycling the operation of said machine, means for applying pressure to an artery under test, means for sensing arterial pulses, means for automatically increasing the applied pressure from a sub-diastolic level to above the systolic level to occlude flow in said artery during each cycle as aforesaid, means for decreasing said increased pressure in measured quantities at regular intervals, means controlled by said sensing means for temporarily arresting decrease by the means aforesaid following sensing of a certain series of pulses. means for causing resumption of said decrease if additional pulses are not sensed following sensing of said series, means for finally preventing further decrease in pressure during said cycle, provided a certain number of additional pulses arel sensed following sensing of said series, means for exhibiting the degree of applied pressure and means for counting the sensed pulses occurring in a given time interval following final prevention of decrease as aforesaid.

19. In a blood pressure machine, coin-controlled means for setting up an operating circuit, means dependent upon said circuit for effecting a measuring test, and means operating automatically for setting up said circuit a second time without employment of a coin provided said testing means effects a measure of less than a. given value.

20. In a machine for making test measure ments, a control circuit conditioned by use of a coin to render said machine operative, a repeatoperating control circuit for conditioning said machine for an operation independently of said first-mentioned coin-conditioned circuit, said repeat circuit being maintained normally in nonoperative condition, and means for rendering said repeat circuit operative as a result of failure of said machine to effectuate a measurement of certain value.

21. In a blood pressure machine, in combination, pulse sensing means, relay means actuated by said sensing means, a timer switch, a commutator switch, means for operating said commutator switch, means for resetting said commutator switch, connections whereby said commutator switch is operated a certain number of times under control of said relay means and operating control therefor is then shifted to said timer switch for a certain number of operations of the commutator switch and there shifted back to said relay means, and means `thereafter operable to actuate said resetting means if fewer than a certain number of operations of the commutator switch occur responsive to corresponding operations of the sensing and relay means following resetting aforesaid, and mechanism controlled by said commutator switch.

22. In a blood pressure machine, a timer switch, a commutator switch controlling instrumentalities in said machine, a pulse switch, means for advancing and resetting said commutator switch, and connections whereby said commutator switch is advanced a given number of times under control of said pulse switch, then agiven number of times under control of said timer-switch and 40 then automatically conditioned for further advance under control of said pulse switch, said resetting means acting to reset the vcommutator switch if a given number of advancing operations do not occur responsive to the same number of operations of the pulseswitch following automatic conditioning as aforesaid, said commutator switch establishing circuit connections for actuation of certain of the instrumentalities aforesaid as a result of a certain number of advances belil yondthe aforesaid advances by the pulse and timer switches without resetting.

23. In a blood pressure machine including a., -pulse-controlled switch, a motor driven switch and a stepping switch, testing and control means comprising: means for stepping said stepping switch, means for resetting said stepping switch, and circuit connections whereby the stepping switch is advanced a plurality of steps under control of said pulse switch and automatically connected for stepping under control of 'said motor driven switch for a predetermined number of steps and then again automatically connected for stepping by said pulse switch for a certain number of steps, and connections for resetting the stepping switch if said last-mentioned certain number of steps are not taken, together with connections for advancing said stepping switch to a certain positiomunder control of said motordriven switch if said certain number of steps are taken, and control connections set up by said stepping switch at said certain position.

24. In a blood pressure machine including a pulse-control1ed switch, a timer switch and a commutator switch together with means for advancing and returning the same and instrumentalities controlled thereby, when advanced to a certain position, connections for shifting operating circuit connections for said advancing and returning means from said pulse switch to said timer switch, whereby to advance the commutator to said certain position under control of a certain number of operations of the pulse switch occurring in a cetain advance under control of the timer switch intervening in saidsequence, said commutator switch being automatically reset if not advanced to said Position under control of the timer and pulse switches operating as aforesaid.

25. In a blood pressure machine,r in combination, a pulse switch, a timer switch, 4an advancible sequence with at least one motion to a predetermined point, master-cam control switch adapted to connect testing means when advanced to a certain position, circuit connections for advancing said control switchunder alternate control of the pulse .switch and the timer switch to said position in accordance with a predetermined number of trol of each, and means for automatically restor.-

- ing said controiswitch to a starting condition if it is not advanced to aforesaid. o

26. The combination of claim further. characterized by the inclusion of means for repeating advance and return of said control switch as set forth until the same is `advanced to said certain position. f

27. In a blood pressure machine, in combination, a commutator switch adapted to beladvanced froma starting position to a certain advanced position to establish a control circuit, a

pulse-controlled switch, a timing switch, and

said certain position, as

ing said commutator switch from starting position a certain amount under control 4of said pulse switch, then a certain a unt under control of said timer switch, and a in a certain amount under control of saicll/pulse switch, followed by.4

further advance unde control of the timer switch to said certain position, and connections for caus- 29. The invention defined in characterized by the in clusion of means for effecting the said operations of the said second `switch means under control of the pulse responsive switch and under control of the timer switch in an alternated relation.

30. In a' blood pressure machine, a rate dial,`

means including a shaft rotated continuously for driving said dial. slip-clutch means interposed drivinglyb'etween said dial means such that a predetermined restraining force on the dial the aforesaid restoration and said rotating will prevent motion thereof. re-

advances under con- A means including circuit connections for advancv l ing force to said leasable means normally applying said restrainrotating means, means for releasing said releasable means to free saiddial for means ltending to rotate with said dial rotating means, a secondreleasable means normally straining said master-cam means, means for simultaneously releasing both after movement of the dial to said point, said releasing means and means actuated by the lowing simultaneous release as aforesaid. for interrupting rotation of said shaft as a result of a certain amount of movement of the master-cam means.

31. The combination of claim further characterized. by the provision of a first means for conditioning said apparatus for a complete cycle of operation concluded by actuation of the Asaid control means `which is actuated by said cam, together with a second means operatively conditioned by said` dial, if the latter fails to move more than a certain amount from said predetermined rotative position, forr conditioning said apparatus for another cycle of operation provided a cycle has been initiated by the nrst conditioning means, as aforesaid. I

' 3,2. In an apparatus for making measurements, an indicator, a control switch, an actuator for said switch, a common means for rotating said indicator and actuator, driving connections between said indicator, actuator and common rotating means so arranged that either the indicator or actuator'may'be restrained or the same mayrotate together, and adjusting means operable to rotatively locate said indicator in a. predetermined position of rotation with respect to said actuator and to condition said indicator and i actuator for rotative movement during a period claim 2s further f limited by said actuator, and means for effecting starting and stopping movements of said indicator duringV said period.

33. In a, measuring apparatus, a rotatable rate dial, a master cam and master switch actuated thereby, a common rotating means for said dial and cam arranged and constructed so that either or both the dial and the cam may be rotated by said common means, means for eecting rotation of the dial by said rotating means from an advanced position to a certain position relative to.-

a' predetermined startin'gpoint, and means including a brake device cooperable with said cam and driven by said rotating means for eil'ecting rotation of said cam in a certain condition of angular displacement with respectto the indicator upon movement of the indicator from said certain position to said starting point, and means for causing said indicator to make the last-mentioned movement, together with means for effecting arrestof the indicator in advanced posi-rr tions as aforesaid. i

34.l In a blood pressure machine, a pulse rate dial, means for advancing said diallat a certain timing rate to various advanced/positions, from a starting position responsive /to/arterial pulses, a mastercam rotated at the/same timing rate, a master switch actuatedby the master cam, a brake device normally arresting said master cam, and means fonei'i'ecting rotative adjustment of the dial'and-cam with respect to each other such that thedial and cam initially fixed relationship of angular displacement with each other upon release of said brake device. and

master-cam means fol-' will always be in condition to move from a fixed starting position in an pulse-controlled' means movable a v limited amount in step with said dial for releasing said brake device.

35. In apparatus of the class described, a drive shaft, motor means for driving said shaft, a rate dial, a master cam, slip clutchmeans drivingly connecting said dial and said cam for rotation by said shaft, releasable means normally restraining said dial against rotation and said cam against rotation, means cooperable with said releasing means for effecting independent rotation of said dial and cam to predetermined starting positions, means for releasing said restraining means for the cam and effecting a cycle of rotation of said cam by said shaft, means conditioned by said cam during said cycle of rotation for rendering said releasable means for the dial operable during the said cycle of rotation.

36. In apparatus of the class described, a rate dial, a master cam, a source of driving power for said dial and cam, clutch means drivingly connecting said dial and cam with said driving power and arranged to permit joint or independent rotation of the dial or cam, means for effecting timed rotation of said cam through a predetermined cycle of travel from a starting position, means for effecting intermittent rotative movements ofA said dial during each said cycle of the cam, and control means for said apparatus actuated by said cam and including means for rendering said intermittent rotative movement effecting means operable during said cycle of the cam.

37. In apparatus of the class described, a rate dial, a master cam, source of driving power for said dial and cam, clutch means drivingly connecting said dial and cam with said driving power and arranged to permit joint or independent rotation of the dial or cam, means operable for effecting independent rotation of the dial and Cam,

ments of said dial and cam whereby the dial is positioned in a predetermined rotative starting position relatve to said cam and the cam and dial thereby conditioned to start for joint rotation in step from said position, means for effecting timed rotation of said cam through a predetermined cycle of travel from said starting position, means for effecting intermittent rotative movements of said dial during each said cycle of the cam, and control means for said apparatus actuated by said cam, together with a first means for conditioning said apparatus for a complete cycle of operation concluded by actuation of the said lcontrol means which is actuated by said cam, and a second means operatively conditioned by said dial, if the latter fails to move more than a certain amount from said predetermined rotative position, for conditioning said apparatus for another cycle of operation, provided a cycle has been initiated by the rst conditioning means aforesaid.,

BRADLEE W. WILLIAMS. HOMIER S. WILLIAMS.

means for effecting relative adjusting move- 

